I think there so many factors involved I don't think you'll find an exact answer to that question other than trial and error. (least I have never found one in all my years.) That being said in all my trials I find that 50mm Robbe prop to be the best all around prop. (at least for bilge pump thrusters) I haven't gotten around to trying it on any of the brushless motors I have yet.
As for your second question.... boat props are made to move water where quad-copter props are made to move air and with water being more dense than air quad props would probably just draw more amps and not move as much water. I do know people who have cut down airplane props and used them but they still are not going to be as efficient as a boat prop.
-Steve
